![]() The switched capacitor unit, also referred to as the unregulated stage, efficiently reduces the input voltage from 48 V to a lower bus voltage, such as 12 V. Image courtesy of IEEEĪccording to the team's published research, the LEGO-PoL regulator architecture makes use of two stages: a switched capacitor unit and a multiphase buck unit. The LEGO-PoL architecture uses switched capacitors in a two-stage design. This 48 V–1 V voltage regulator design is targeted at data center applications and can handle up to 780 A of current with a peak efficiency of approximately 91%. The energy processing unit is based on the LEGO-PoL CPU voltage regulator design. The Vertically-stacked Architecture Behind the Unit Image used courtesy of Princeton University The energy processing unit is small in scale, but high in power-reported to increase the delivery of power to high-speed computers 10 fold. Targeting maximum power delivery efficiency, researchers at Princeton and Dartmouth, in collaboration with Intel and Google, have created an “ energy processing unit” that can supply thousands of data center CPUs and hard drives at very high efficiency. Additionally, more efficient power delivery is less costly because cooling costs go down. Overheating is a serious concern for processors and can ultimately cause them to operate improperly or stop working altogether. If power is delivered inefficiently to a chip, overheating can occur. In order to deliver power to small, densely-packed integrated circuits, efficiency is key. New Power Delivery Device for Data Centers However, the power consumed by individual transistors has not decreased proportionally with transistor size, and consequently, the power density of chips has increased dramatically. Over the past several decades, the number of transistors on a single chip has doubled approximately every two years as transistor node size has decreased. This drastic increase in power density can be understood by Moore’s Law. Power density of various Intel processors. Incredibly, the power density (power delivered per unit area) of modern chips is reaching levels seen in nuclear reactors. As data center computers have advanced and workload demands have increased so has the amount of power they consume. Data centers play a central role in modern IT infrastructure, offering all of the high-performance computing needed for enterprise data management and storage.
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